12/26/2009 Sardonyx-Stone V
Sardonyx-The Fifth Stone
SARDONYX-The Fifth Gemstone
Sardonyx
SARDONYX–variety of onyx. Gr. sardōnux, presumably f. sārdios SARDIUS + ónux ONYX.
Onyx is cryptocrystalline Chalcedony Quartz. The name Onyx comes through Latin to Greek and means fingernail or claw due to the fleshy resemblance.
In ancient Greek times, nearly all colors from white to black were called Onyx. It was during the Roman Empire when onyx began to refer to dark brown and black. In the Roman times, Sardonyx was highly valued as it was used for official seals, as with Chalcedony, it did not stick to the wax used to seal documents.
In modern times when we think of onyx, we think of a black stone although onyx comes in a myriad of colors: Shades of brown, brown-red, reddish-orange, orange-yellow, white and banded which is the common if not black. The brownish-red to orange, to white is Sardonyx (Sard meaning “shades of red”).
The use of sardonyx appears in the art of Minoan Crete, notably from the archaeological recoveries at Knossos. Onyx was used in Egypt as early as the Second Dynasty to make bowls and other pottery items. Sardonyx is abundantly found in the world, nearly every place where Quartz is mined.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onyx
Similar to carnelian is sard, which is generally harder and darker. (The difference is not rigidly defined, and the two names are often used interchangeably.) Both carnelian and sard are varieties of the silica mineral chalcedony colored by impurities of iron oxide. The color can vary greatly, ranging from pale orange to an intense almost-black coloration.
Left Carnelian Right Sard
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnelian
The 5th stone is Sardonyx (a.k.a Sard/Sardius/Carnelian) and the darker Onyx. Mysteriously the stone was known for its “fleshy” appearance. As noted in the bands of the sample above, every skin tone is represented, therefore the stone is representative to mean “the flesh of man”.
More in depth, from an artistic standpoint, orange contains red and yellow. It is expected that the more red used, the darker the orange and the more yellow used, the lighter the orange becomes. If an artist were to start with a red sample and add yellow intermittently, the color will become orange.
- Red to Orange
As noted on the spectrum, the darker orange is nearer to the left side, or red and the lighter orange, nearer to the right, or yellow. Interestingly, from a medical standpoint, blood is mainly composed of red blood cells (red) and plasma (yellow). Blood accounts for 8% of the human body weight, with an average density of approximately 1060 kg/m3, very close to pure water’s density of 1000 kg/m3. The average adult has a blood volume of roughly 5 liters (1.3 gal), composed of plasma and several kinds of cells (occasionally called corpuscles); these formed elements of the blood are erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets). By volume, the red blood cells constitute about 45% of whole blood, the plasma about 54.3%, and white cells about 0.7%.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood
http://tinyurl.com/27nupk5
If we thought of the previous stone; Bixbite and its blood red color, then this stone is fading into yellow but has more red connected to it. As the red “blood” (Jesus’ blood shed) from the stone Emerald and what it represents dilutes, could it possibly be shedding the red colors to create the variety of the skin of man as represented in the stone Sardonyx? Blood is its reddest when alive and darkens as it ages, even to black! The fingernails of men from the lightest to darkest tones is nearly the same.
When we are born, we are without spiritual blemishes, we do not know sins. Could the skins which hold our spirits and souls be colored by the blood of Jesus? We are born pure. It is time and exposure which destroys that “sin-free” beginning. Although we are sinner’s, we still carry that blood of Jesus in our skins which give us a chance.
“Forasmuch as ye know that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation received by tradition from your fathers: but with the precious blood of Christ, as of a lamb without blemish and without spot” (I Pet. 1: 18, 19).
The Greek word translated “precious” is timios. Timios means costly or dear (Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words, by W. E. Vines). Commentator Matthew Henry comments thus on “precious blood of Christ:”
Let us now turn our attention to briefly considering some of the accomplishments of the blood of Christ.
One is made nigh unto God by the blood of Christ. Paul wrote to the Ephesians as follows: “But now in Christ Jesus ye who sometimes were far off are made nigh by the blood of Christ.” The contextual reference is to the Gentiles. The Law of Moses had been a religion especially designed for the Jewish race (Deut. 5: 1-3). However, Jesus’ blood made it possible for the Gentile to enter covenant relationship with God. All sinners can be “made nigh” (brought close) by Christ’s precious blood.
Through Jesus’ blood, perfect peace is given. Paul said that Jesus “made peace through the blood of His cross” (Col. 1: 20). This peace is so profound and complete that it “passeth all understanding” (Phili. 4: 7). Not only can Jesus’ blood provide racial harmony (context of Colossians 1: 20), but also can cause man to be at peace with his God and with himself.
Redemption is obtained through the shedding of Christ’s blood. The writer sought to encourage the Hebrews when he wrote, “by his own blood he entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us” (Heb. 9: 12). This redemption is one reason Jesus’ blood is so dear and costly (I Pet. 1: 18, 19).
Through Christ’s precious blood, we are reconciled to God. Paul wrote thus to the Christians at Colosse: “And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself…” (Col. 1: 20). Man is estranged from God because of man’s sins (Isa. 59: 1, 2). Only the blood of Christ can create friendship between man and God (2 Cor. 5: 14-21).
The blood of Jesus makes our sanctification unto God possible. Hear the Hebrew writer: “they counted the blood of the covenant,” the writer states in showing the consequences of falling away from Christ, “wherewith they were sanctified, an unholy thing…” (Heb. 10: 29). “Sanctification” means a separation unto God from evil things. The word of God is also said to sanctify (Jn. 17: 17). However, without Jesus’ shed blood, sanctification would not be possible.
Through Jesus’ blood, man is justified before God. The Roman Epistle is a great Epistle pertaining to justification. Justification or being pronounced right is not a result of the Law of Moses (Rom. 11: 6). Law only cannot justify man. This is why grace was made possible by God (Tit. 2: 11-14). Concerning justification, Paul exclaimed: “Much more them, being now justified by his blood, we shall be saved from wrath through him” (Rom. 5: 9).
As a result of Jesus’ blood, man can have forgiveness. Paul wrote to the Ephesians, “In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace” (Eph. 1: 7). Christians are a forgiven people (I Jn. 2: 12). When God forgives, he forgets (Acts 3: 19).
“The blood of Jesus Christ is the only price of man’s redemption. The redemption of man is real, not metaphorical. We are bought with a price, and the price is equal to the purchase, for it is the precious blood of Christ; it is the blood of an innocent person, a lamb without blemish and without spot, whom the paschal lamb represented, and of an infinite person, being the Son of God, and therefore it is called the blood of God, Acts 20:28”.
http://www.bibletruths.net/Archives/BTAR263.htm
The stone following this stone is Sardius, which means orange (not red-orange but pure orange), and is a Carnelian. Please see information on Sardius. The core here, is that the rarest gemstone in the world is representative of red; blood red and the stones before and after it depicts the blood fading into man and out of Jesus.
Sardonyx is a stone of strength and protection. Used to enhance willpower, and a heart, kidney, nerve, capillary, hair, eye and nail strengthener. Supports integrity, stamina and vigor. It is believed to bring lasting happiness and stability to marriage and partnerships.
The lucky gem for Leo individuals born in August is the sardonxy. They share this fortunate jewel with those Virgo individuals who were also born during the same month. The sardonyx is also referred to as the Gem of Courage and the Gem of Virtue.
The color bands of sardonyx are white against a black or brownish-red background and it is usually cut into beads or used to fashion cameos and intaglios (reversed cameos). Indeed, the first cameos ever discovered were fashioned from sardonyx. The name derives from the Greek sard and onyx, which means “brownish red” and “white stone.”
According to legend, sardonyx aids in communication and provides its owner with elegant speech, as well as being a valuable ward against evil. Thought to calm relationships, as well as being credited with the power to attract friends and good fortune, this stone is believed to bring happiness to couples. It is also thought to increase regeneration, intuition and instincts.
In addition, sardonyx is credited with decreasing sexual desire and promoting a change in bad habits. Once considered to be a charm against such assorted afflictions as warts, boils, cramps, the “evil eye” and the wicked thoughts and impulses of witches, this gemstone was a favorite of the Ancients and used by the Egyptians to carve scarabs and beetles which would be worn as talismans.
Exceedingly popular and greatly valued throughout antiquity, the sardonyx was held in high esteem by the Romans who used it as material for carving, particularly in the manufacture of seals since it was said never to stick to wax.
Roman legions would carry sardonyx images of Mars (God of War) or the valiant Hercules into battle to guard against evil, bring good fortune and hopefully bestow the courage and daring of such heroic figures upon their armies. During the Renaissance, the sardonyx was thought to eloquently bless those public speakers who chose to wear it.
Perhaps the most famous sardonyx in history is the one carved with the likeness of Elizabeth I of England and set within a gold band which the Queen then presented as a memento and keepsake to one of her favorite courtiers, the Earl of Essex.
Sometimes referred to in modern times as the “fancy wallpaper of nature,” the early astrologers believed that sardonyx was a gift bestowed upon the Earth from the planet Saturn…doubtless due to the multi-colored bands which adorn this stone.
Useful in the art of mental self-control, this gem is traditionally said to aid in the cure of depression and anxiety but is particularly helpful in the easing of grief. Associated with the Apostle Paul, sardonyx is purported to have been the fifth of the Foundation Stones of Jerusalem.
Today, the supply of traditional sardonyx appears to have drastically dwindled and the majority of modern stones are cut from South American agate, modified in color by artificial treatment. Onyx is the traditional gem for the 7th Wedding Anniversary, while black onyx is the traditional gem for the 10th Wedding Anniversary.
http://www.novareinna.com/constellation/index.html
Known to aid sleep by keeping emotions and passions under control and said to bring spiritual inspiration. This gemstone helps to eliminate apathy, stress and neurological disorders. This gemstone eliminates negative thinking, it is also believed to sharpen the wits of the wearer. Black Onyx is used to help one change habits.
The chief localities of onyx are India and South America. Other locations include Russia, Pakistan, USA, Germany, Brazil, Mexico, Czechoslovakia. A blend of sard and onyx, this stone is found worldwide but the best specimens are mined chiefly in Brazil, India, California and Uruguay. and Africa.
South America
http://tinyurl.com/24sn4f4
South America is a continent with great geographical and cultural diversity, and over 200,000 American expatriates live there. Brazil and Argentina own the region’s most prosperous economies and host the largest number of American expatriates. Other popular locations for expats are Ecuador, Chile, Peru, and Venezuela.
Argentina
http://tinyurl.com/24sn4f4
http://www.wordtravels.com/Travelguide/Countries/Argentina/Map
http://www.buenosairestravelplanet.com/architecture/
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina, pronounced [reˈpuβlika arxenˈtina]), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Argentina
Argentina’s continental area is between the Andes mountain range in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It borders Paraguay and Bolivia to the north, Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast, and Chile to the west and south. Argentine claims over Antarctica, overlapping claims made by Chile and the United Kingdom, are suspended by the Antarctic Treaty of 1961. Argentina also claims the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom as British Overseas Territories.
Generally temperate climate ranges from subtropical in the north to subpolar in the far south. The north is characterized by very hot, humid summers with mild drier winters, and is subject to periodic droughts. Central Argentina has hot summers with thunderstorms (western Argentina produces some of the world’s largest hail), and cool winters. The southern regions have warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall, especially in mountainous zones. Higher elevations at all latitudes experience cooler conditions.
The hottest and coldest temperature extremes recorded in South America have occurred in Argentina. A record high temperature of 49.1 °C (120.4 °F), was recorded at Villa de María, Córdoba, on 2 January 1920. The lowest temperature recorded was −39 °C (−38.2 °F) at Valle de los Patos Superior, San Juan, on 17 July 1972.
The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion but also requires the government to support Roman Catholicism economically. Until 1994 the President and Vice President had to be Roman Catholic, though there were no such restrictions on other government officials; indeed, since 1945, numerous Jews have held prominent posts. Catholic policy, however, remains influential in government and still helps shape a variety of legislation.
In a study assessing nations’ levels of religious regulation and persecution with scores ranging from 0–10 where 0 represented low levels of regulation or persecution, Argentina received a score of 1.4 on Government Regulation of Religion, 6.0 on Social Regulation of Religion, 6.9 on Government Favoritism of Religion and 6 on Religious Persecution.
According to the World Christian Database, Argentines are 92.1% Christian, 3.1% agnostic, 1.9% Muslim, 1.3% Jewish, 0.9% atheist, and 0.9% Buddhist and other. Argentine Christians are mostly Roman Catholic. Estimates for the number professing this faith vary from 70% of the population, to as much as 90%, though perhaps only 20% attend services regularly.
Evangelical churches have been gaining a foothold since the 1980s, and count approximately 9% of the total population amongst their followers. Pentecostal churches and traditional Protestant denominations are present in most communities. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, claiming over 330,000 (the seventh-largest congregation in the world), are also present.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina
Chile
http://www.patagoniadiscover.com/chile_maps.asp
Chile is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. With Ecuador, it is one of two countries in South America which do not border Brazil.
The Pacific coastline of Chile is 6,435 kilometres. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas and Easter Island. Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.
Currently, Chile is one of South America’s most stable and prosperous nations. It leads Latin American nations in human development, competitiveness, quality of life, political stability, globalization, economic freedom, low perception of corruption and comparatively low poverty rates. It also ranks high regionally in freedom of the press and democratic development.
However, it has a high income inequality, as measured by the Gini index. In May 2010 Chile became the first South American country to join the OECD. Chile is also a founding member of both the United Nations and the Union of South American Nations.
The Congress of Chile has a 38-seat Senate and a 120-member Chamber of Deputies. Senators serve for 8 years with staggered terms, while deputies are elected every 4 years. The current Senate has a 20-18 split in favor of pro-government senators. The last congressional elections were held on December 11, 2005, concurrently with the presidential election.
The current lower house-the Chamber of Deputies-contains 63 members of the governing center-left coalition and 57 from the center-right opposition. The Congress is located in the port city of Valparaíso, about 140 kilometres (84 mi) west of the capital, Santiago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile
The culture of Chile is one of a relatively homogeneal society where historically its geographical isolation and remoteness has played a key role. Since colonial times the Chilean culture has been a mix of Spanish colonial elements and indigenous culture. Traditional Chilean culture is of rural and agrarian origin where horsemen, the Huasos of Central Chile, are the most emblematic symbol.
While Chile has a geographically diverse territory the lifestyle of the Central Chile have not been possible everywhere and different customs exists towards the north and south of Chile. To this it must added that while some regions of Chile have very strong indigenous heritage such as Araucanía Region, Easter Island and Arica y Parinacota Region other lacks indigenous peoples and other regions have noteworthy non-Spanish European immigrant heritage. However, the mainstream Chilean culture that emanates from the historical core of central Chile is of predominant Mediterranean climate rural criollo and mestizo origin.
Polka The national dance is the cueca (short for zamacueca) and first appeared in 1824. Another form of traditional Chilean song, though not a dance, is the tonada. Arising from music imported by the Spanish colonists, it is distinguished from the cueca by an intermediate melodic section and a more prominent melody.
In the period starting from 1930 to 1970 appears a rebirth in the interest and popularity in folk music in Chile carried out initially by groups such as Los Cuatro Huasos, who took folk songs from the Chilean country and arranged them vocally and with musical instruments.
Chile’s most famous contributions to literature have come from Nobel Prize poets Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, whose homes and birthplaces are now museums that attract literary pilgrims to Chile. Neruda’s Heights of Machu Picchu, Canto General and the autobiographical Memoirs are widely available in English, however Mistral’s works are harder to find.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Chile
Chilean cuisine rests on the variety of products due to Chile’s geographical condition and seaborne nature. The cuisine arose from the fusion of traditional indigenous ingredients with Spanish culture and traditions. Further European immigration also brought with them various styles and traditions in cooking heavily influencing the cuisine of Chile such as the Italians and Germans.
In the 20th century French cuisine marked an important turning point influencing culinary methods and creating a type of Criollo style that has been implemented in Chilean gastronomy. Many Chilean recipes are enhanced and accompanied by wine and Pisco. Throughout Chile each region spanning from north to south contain a variety of culinary recipes special to each location.
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fiehann
said
i kike sardonyx